Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points)
(1)
The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word “cybernetics” (from the
Greek word for “steersman”), to describe that branch of study which is concerned with self-regulating systems
of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary
function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a
predetermined goal. We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with
most of their mass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand upright, supported
only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us
moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it
is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to
highly automated machines.
(2)
The book that has been treasured many years and read again and again is not merely a book written by
somebody or other so many years ago. It is part of oneself, incorporated and inseparable; and after one has
spent some time in reading new books there is a wonderful friendliness about the faded and familiar pages of an
old book. The reader opens it at random and sees a marked passage that brings the past to life again. He knows
without turning what he will find on the next page, and yet there is a distinct pleasure in looking to see that
nothing has been changed. Added to all these pleasures, there is the more prosaic consideration that “dead
authors are amazingly cheap”.
The desire to follow familiar paths is, of course, a feeling that becomes intensified as one grows older. In
the days of youth, on the contrary, tradition is all to make. The adventurous spirit is strong, and novelty has an
irresistible appeal by no means pleasant to the elders. Dr. Arnold was greatly disturbed by the popularity of The
Pickwick Papers with the boys, and not so long ago a conscientious headmistress expressed herself as grieved
to find her pupils taking with avidity to the stories of W. W. Jacobs. But youth will be served, and all the
fulminations of elder folk avail but little. Pickwick has now achieved the position of a classic appointed to be
read in schools, and the stories of Mr. Jacobs will soon be regarded as wholly acceptable reading for the
class-room.
(3)
A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him,
concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in the moments of
intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to
us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way
higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than
we have known or imagined? Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey
the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another. That all great art has this power of
suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it
does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a
vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret.
Part Two: Translate the following into English (40 points)
(1)
一般情况下，我喜欢孤独。我的爱好是沉思默想。我可以一个人长时间地独处而感到愉快。独
享欢乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快。孤独的时候，精神不会是一片纯粹的空白，它仍然是一个
丰富多彩的世界。情绪上的大欢乐和大悲痛往往都在孤独中产生。孤独中，思维可以不依照逻辑进行。
孤独更多地产生人生的诗情——激昂的和伤感的。孤独可以使人的思想向更遥远更深邃的地方伸展，也
能使你对自己或环境作更透彻的认识和检讨。当然，孤独常常叫人感到无以名状的忧伤。而这忧伤有时
又是很美丽的。我喜欢孤独。但我也惧怕孤独。
(2)
自然景色中，青草与白雪是最伟大的现象。造物者描写“自然”这幅大画图时，对于春红、秋艳，都
只是轻描淡写。到了描写白雪与青草，他就毫不吝惜颜料，用刷子大块地涂抹，使屋屋皆白，山山皆青。
这是何等泼辣的画风!而草色青青，连天遍野，尤为和平可亲，大公无私的春色。花木有时被关闭在私
人的庭园里，草则到处自生自长，不择贵贱高下。人都以为花是春的作品，其实春工不在花枝，而在于
草。看花的能有几人?草则广泛地生长在大地的表面，普遍地受大众的欣赏。一年好景，无过于此时。
自然对人的恩宠，也以此时为最 深厚了。
Part Three: Read the following passage carefully and write an essay of about 300 words,
elaborating on the author’s argument. Your score would be reduced on proportion to the
number of sentences you copy from the passage. (50 points)
If you attempt to cultivate friendship in any kind of “Friends Circle” over your mobile phone, whether on
WeChat Moments or QQ Space Dynamics, your efforts will surely be in vain. At first, I was excited about the
posts shared among friends—news updates, articles rich in knowledge, friends’ recent happenings and
greetings… However, I soon found out that the news often turns out to be rumor, that it becomes an obligation
to click the “like” icon or make comments on the posts especially when others have already done so, and worse
still, that my best friends are sharing with EVERYBODY information that in the past they would have confided
to me only. Although it is flooded with information, or misinformation, the “Friends Circle” is not for real
friends. On one hand, there is no genuine sincerity; on the other hand, people spend much more time showing
off rather than having meaningful conversations with real friends. A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody. A
TRUE friend is the one who walks in when the whole world has walked out, not the other way around. Because
of the lack of sincerity and privacy, the “Friends Circle” has reduced my best friends to casual acquaintances,
and me to a lonely soul. I hate it—yet can’t leave it. The “Friends Circle” indeed is ruining true friendships.
It may have many positive elements, but it can never be a circle of friends.
以上就是2018年南京航空航天大学翻译与写作（英语）考研真题，更多翻译与写作（英语）考研真题，持续更新中。
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