(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

步：断句。首先本句可以从them后面的逗号进行断开，其次逗号前面的半句话里存在从属连词that，可以在that前面进行断开，得出三个分句分别为：①Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect，②that insects would eat us up，③if birds failed to control them.

第二步：判断句子的主干和修饰成分。①主句为主谓宾结构，主语scientists，谓语 jumped to，宾语the rescue，状语with some distinctly shaky evidence， to the effect。②that从句为同位语从句，修饰抽象名词evidence，从句主语insects，谓语would eat us up。③状语从句if birds failed to control them，主语birds，谓语failed to control，宾语them。

第三步：调整语序，翻译每一个分句。①主谓宾顺译即可，状语翻译到谓语前面：科学家带着一些明显站不住脚的证据立刻来救场，大致在说。② 同位语从句顺译：昆虫会把我们吃光。③状语从句调整到同位语从句之前：如果鸟类没能控制住他们。

第四步：组成整句。科学家带着一些明显站不住脚的证据立刻来救场，大致在说如果鸟类没能控制住昆虫，它们就会把我们吃光。

生词补充：jumped to：立即 distinctly：明显地 shaky：摇晃的，不可靠的 to the effect：大致是说eat up：吃光

(49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.

步：断句。考虑到长度适中以及结构完整的原则，选取advanced后面的逗号，以及community后面的逗号进行断句。分为①In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced，②the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community，③to be preserved as such, within reason.

第二步：判断句子的主干和修饰成分。①主句状语，包含一个where引导的定语从句②主句，主语the non-commercial tree species，谓语be recognized as，宾语members of native forest community③两个短语都是状语。

第三步：调整语序，翻译每一个分句。①定语从句顺译：在林业生态更加发达的欧洲②主谓宾顺译：没有经济价值的树种被视为当地森林群落中的一员③状语顺译：被相应地，合理地保护着。

第四步：组成整句。在林业生态更加发达的欧洲，没有经济价值的树种被视为当地森林群落中的一员，被相应地，合理地保护着。

生词补充：forestry：林业 ecologically生态学地 species：物种 be recognized as：被视为 as such：相应地 within reason：在合理范围内