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For example, he theorised that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.

重点词汇：theorise，sentence，defendants，community

解析：本句主干部分为”he theorised+that 宾语从句”。宾语从句中”a judge”为主语，”might be likely to send”是动词短语做谓语，”someone”为宾语，”to prison”为宾补;”if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day”为条件状语从句。

翻译：例如，他提出的理论是，如果法官在那天已经将其他五、六名被告只判处强制社区服务，那么担心在犯罪问题上显得过于软弱的法官更可能将某人送进监狱。