Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage Four
Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions, such as loneliness, worry, and grief.
Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds, facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist, and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of their society, though heredity (遗传) may determine some emotional behavior. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means of similar facial expressions. Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion.
Darwin said in 1872 that emotional behavior originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions only if aware of their own internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure. But this theory was not upheld by research on cats that had their nervous systems damaged.
The cats could not feel their body's internal changes, but they showed normal emotional behavior. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of psychology called behaviorism, observed that babies stimulated by certain events showed three basic emotions--fear, anger, and love. Watson's view has been challenged frequently since he proposed it in 1919. The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of events.
The sequence begins when a person encounters an important event or thought. The person's interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feeling is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would probably run away.
Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are eight basic emotions. These emotions--which can exist at various levels of intensity--are anger, fear, joy, sadness, acceptance, disgusts, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They combine to form all other emotions, just as certain basic colors produce all others.
46. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that those who are born blind ____
A. have emotions different from those of sighted persons
B. have some facial expression like those of sighted persons
C. depend only on words to express their feelings
D. seldom communicate with other people by means of gestures
47. The James-Lange theory of emotions ____
A. overlooked internal physical reactions
B. exaggerated the function of stimulating events
C. faced a challenge from counter evidence
D. offered a narrow interpretation of emotions
48. In the sequence of events for emotions to occur, which is next to the encounter of an important event?
A. Interpretation made.
B. Responses produced.
C. Feeling stimulated.
D. Action taken.
49. Emotions are compared to colors because____.
A. they are classified in a similar way
B. they have the same influence on people's life
C. both of them may take on different forms
D. both of them may have basic elements mixed in them
50. The main purpose of this writing is to ____.
A. arouse readers' interest in emotional behaviors
B. help readers enjoy pleasant emotions
C. outline the development of theories about emotions
D. analyze various emotions and physical changes
答案：
46-50 BDCCA
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