在考研英语真题中，文章多来源于如《时代周刊》、《经济学人》、《哈佛商业评论》等国外杂志、报刊，这已经是考研学子们公认的秘密，我们称这些杂志、报刊为“同源外刊”。经过都教授研究发现，在The Economist中有一篇名为《选择性记忆》的文章从成为结构、表达方式都与真题相近，值得各位2016考研学子认真“啃”，下面我们来学习一下。
The geography of poverty
Where do the world’s poor live? The obvious answer: in poor countries. But in a recent series of articles Andy Sumner of Britain’s Institute of Development Studies showed that the obvious answer is wrong*. Four-fifths of those surviving on less than $2 a day, he found, live in middle-income countries with a gross national income per head of between $1,000 and $12,500, not poor ones. His finding reflects the fact that a long but inequitable period of economic growth has lifted many developing countries into middle-income status but left a minority of their populations mired in poverty. Since thecountries involved include giants like China and India, even a minority amounts to a very large number of people. That matters because middle-income countries can afford to help their own poor. If most of the poverty problem lies within their borders, then foreign aid is less relevant to poverty reduction. A better way to help would be to make middle-income countries’ domestic policies more “pro-poor”.
Now Mr Sumner’s argument faces a challenge. According to Homi Kharas of the Brookings Institution and Andrew Rogerson of Britain’s Overseas Development Institute, “by 2025 most absolute poverty will once again be concentrated in low-income countries.” They argue that as middle-income countries continue to make progress against poverty, its incidence there will fall. However, the number of poor people is growing in “fragile” states,which the authors define as countries which cannot meet their populations’ expectations or manage these through the political process (sounds like some European nations, too).The pattern that Mr Sumner describes, they say, is a passing phase.
Messrs Kharas and Rogerson calculate that the number of poor in “non-fragile” states has fallen from almost 2 billion in 1990 to around 500m now; they think it will go on declining to around 200m by 2025. But the number of poor in fragile states is not falling—a testament both to the growing number of poor, unstable places and to their fast population growth. This total has stayed flat at about 500m since 1990 and, the authors think, will barely shift until 2025. As early as next year, the number of poor in what are sometimes called FRACAS (fragile and conflict-affected states) could be greater than thenumber in stable ones. That would imply something different to Mr Sumner’s view: instead of being irrelevant to poverty reduction, foreign aid will continue to be vital, since fragile states (unlike middle-income ones) cannot afford to help the poor but instead need help themselves.
Can these two accounts be squared? It is worth noting that there is a group of countries that are both middle-income and fragile. This group, sometimes called MIFFS (middle-income fragile or failed states), includes Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan and Yemen—all large,populous places. In 2011 Geoffrey Gertz and Laurence Chandy, also of Brookings,calculated that almost a fifth of people living on less than $1.25 a day are citizens of MIFFS. So there are almost 200m poor people in middle-income and fragile states, who appear in the accounts of both Mr Sumner and Messrs Kharas and Rogerson. Because of this overlap, it is possible to argue both have a point and are just using different labels.
文章结构：文章段引入主题，贫穷的人住在哪里，第二段提出卡拉思和罗杰森提出不同的观点，认为贫穷人最终还是在低收入国家，第三段说明，格拉瑞和罗杰森证实了中等收入国家的穷人正在减少，而贫穷国家的穷人却在增长，贫穷国家的穷人需要外国援助，第四段讲杰弗里和劳伦斯指出的两种说法都合理，只不过是使用的标准不同。
核心词汇：mire 使陷于泥坑，使陷于困境
fragile 脆的，易碎的
testament 确实的证明
square 与...一致
长难句解析：His finding reflects the fact that a long but inequitable period of economic growth has lifted many developing countries into middle-income status but left a minority of their populations mired in poverty.
【翻译】他的发现反映了一个事实：即一个长期不平衡的经济增长会让许多发展中国家晋升到中等收入的地位，但却也使他们中的一小部分深陷于贫困之中。
【解析】句子主语是His finding，谓语动词是reflects，宾语为the fact，the fact 后面是一个由that引导的同位语从句。这个从句是一个简单句，从句中的主要是 a long but inequitable periof of econmic growth ,并列谓语为has lifted...和has left...，由but连接。
对于英语文章，仅凭阅读是不不够的，都教授建议考生认真学习同源外刊上的文章，将其分析到位。预祝各位考生金榜题名!
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