考研英语

　　WHEN you reach retirement age, what should you do with your money? It is a simple question but one that is fiendishly difficult to answer, given all the variables involved. For those dependent on the state, it is a question of having enough to afford three meals a day and keep the house warm. For those still lucky enough to have a final-salary pension, fewer decisions need to be made. The real problems arise for those who reach retirement with a pot of money, accumulated through the various defined contribution schemes (401k in America).

　　当你到了退休年龄的时候，你应该如何管理你的钱?这是一个简单的问题，但考虑到各种变量，这又是一个极难回答的问题。对于这些靠国家福利来过生活的老年人，这就是一个关于吃饱穿暖的问题。而对于那些依然能有幸拿到离职前退休金的人来说，他们就不需要做太多打算了。对于那些即将拿着一大笔钱退休的人来说，他们就需要面对一些真正的问题。而他们的这些钱，来自于各种分摊项目(美国的401k退休计划)。

　　Those retirees have a lot of imponderables to consider; how long will they (and their partners) live? What investment return can they expect? What will be the impact of inflation? What will their spending patterns be (will they face big bills for nursing care in their final years)? How will the tax regime change? In financial jargon, they face both investment risk and longevity risk.

　　这些离退休人员有许多无法估计的事情需要考虑：他们(以及他们的合作方)能活多久?他们能得到什么投资收益?通货膨胀会带来什么影响?他们的消费模式该是怎样(在晚年会不会遇到巨大的医护费用)?税制会怎么改革?用金融行话来说，他们既面临投资风险，又面临长寿风险。

　　No one can know the answer to these issues. You can get advice, certainly, but that can only help in the most general sense. The current tax rules are always worth knowing. Longevity may not be well understood. According to the Institute for Fiscal Studies, 65-year-olds underestimate how long they are going to live and 85-year-olds overestimate it. The effects of inflation need to be appreciated; prices double every 24 years, so a 65-year-old might easily see the real value of their income halve.

　　没人能回答这些问题。当然你能得到建议，但是那只能在泛的层面帮助到你。当今的税制是需要了解的。人们对长寿可能不大理解。据财政研究所称，65岁左右的老年人低估了自己接下来的寿命，而85岁的老年人高估了自己的寿命。通货膨胀的影响需要引起重视;物价每24年就翻倍，因此65岁的老人可以很容易地看到他们收入的真实价值会减半。

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