3．Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
【词汇突破】Toil through (辛苦的经历)
名词：Winston Churchill: "Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat”(丘吉尔演讲)
sweat and toil （汗水和辛苦）
He succeeded after years of toil. (他经历数年的辛劳之后成功了)
SAT 美国高考 全称为scholastic assessment test 学术性评估测试
testify 证实
matter 这里是动词，重要；sth matters 事情很重要；
【主干识别】anyone 为句子的主语，will testify 为句子谓语，that引导一个宾语从句；
【其他成分】that 引导的宾语从句中test-taking skill 为主语，matters 做谓语，whether 引导一个状语从句
【译文赏析】任何一个曾经辛苦的经历过SAT考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要，无论这种技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。
【造句】Anyone who has achieved the success to any extent will testify that cooperation matters, whether it’s individual’s willingness to cooperate or team work spirit of a group.
4. During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.
【词汇突破】count on 依靠；
fair play 公平竞争
【主干识别】the American middle-class family has been transformed主干是主谓结构被动态；
【其他成分】that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure 定语从句修饰middle-class family ；During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 做状语；
【微观解析】the American middle-class family 为句子主语，谓语是has been transformed；During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 为状语；that 引导一个定语从句，that在从句中做主语，谓语为 could count on， 宾语为hard work and fair play；to keep itself financially secure为状语。
【难点揭秘】主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。
【译文赏析】在过去的20多年时间里，那些曾经依靠辛勤工作和公平竞争就可以保证自己财政收支安全的美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变。（定语从句前置的翻译方法来处理这个句子）
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