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Grade inflation—the gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. (2019 text 2)

断句:(1)利用标点断句:双破折号之间内容单独成句;(2)利用标点+从属连词断句:在in which 前面断开,前后长度均在5-15词之间,且结构完整。

语法分析:

主干成分—Grade inflation is often considered a product.

修饰成分——①双破折号之间内容为grade inflation的同位语,对Grade inflation进行解释说明;②介词短语of a consumer era作后置定语,修饰名词product;③介词短语in higher education作定语,修饰名词短语 a consumer era;④最后一部分为in which引导的定语从句。

难点分析:①同位语the gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-point averages) over the past few decades,其中in average GPAs(grade-point averages) 为介词短语作后置定语,修饰gradual increase; over the past few decades定语,修饰average GPAs。②定语从句 in which students are treated like customers to be pleased,属于分隔结构,修饰a consumer era。其中,从句中的主干是students are treated,为主谓结构;like customers to be pleased为状语。

重点词汇:Grade inflation 分数膨胀;consumer era 消费时代;product 产物

翻译:分数膨胀,即过去几十年来平均学分绩点的逐渐上升,经常被视为高等教育中消费时代的产物,在这个时代中,学生们被当成需要被取悦的消费者。