我们在做考研英语翻译题时,常常会有一些考研英语单词是我们不太理解的,尤其是专有名词。为了帮助考生掌握更多考研英语单词,文都考研为大家讲解考研英语翻译中的专有名词单词,希望对你的考研英语复习有所帮助。

在翻译的题目中,长难句是一个障碍,另外一个就是词汇,包括一些专有名词和我们不太熟悉的词汇。在此举几个例子,说一说翻译中的专有名词。

①The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”and that federal laws precede state laws are controversial.

名词:

Rule of Naturalization

根据维基百科里的解释 naturalization is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen in a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country. It may be done by a statue, without any effort on the part of the individual, or it may involve an application and approved by legal authorities. The rules of naturalization vary from country to country and typically include a minimum legal residency requirement, and may specify other requirements such as knowledge of the national dominant language or culture,or promise to obey and uphold that country’s laws.

归化实际上是一个法律过程,通过这个程序,非本国公民可以成为所申请过的公民或者获得该国国籍。可以通过法典的形式,无需申请人申请,或者需要通过申请人申请并由当局申请。

precede: to be , go, or come ahead or in front of.意为在.....之前,在......前面。在词句中,字面意思是联邦法律在州的法律之前,也就是说,在法律效力上,联邦的法律是优先于州的法律的。

译文:

宪法中规定的华盛顿独自享有建立统一的归化准则,联邦的法律是优先于州的法律的,这两点是没有任何异议的。

②Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.

单词:

witness: to constitute the scene or time of 某个事件的组成部分,或者一段时期的组成部分,在本句里理解为欧洲见证了宗教戏剧的逐渐势微。

tragedy:悲剧

It derives from Classical Greek,原词大意为"goat song", which comes from tragos = "he-goat" and aeidein = "to sing" (cf. "ode"). Scholars suspect this may be traced to a time when a goat was either the prize in a competition of choral dancing or was that around which a chorus danced prior to the animal's ritual sacrifice.

学者们推测,“goat song”可能是因为把 goat作为歌舞比赛的奖品,亦或者这些歌舞表演是围着一只goat 进行的,而这只goat可能会作为祭品。

comedy:喜剧

The Greeks and Romans confined their use of the word "comedy" to descriptions of stage-plays with happy endings. Aristotle defined comedy as an imitation of men worse than the average (where tragedy was an imitation of men better than the average).

古希腊和古罗马人将comedy这个词仅用于描述那些在舞台上表演的具有圆满、欢乐的结局的戏剧。亚里士多德认为喜剧里的人物比普通人更悲惨。

译文:在莎士比亚出生之时,宗教戏剧在欧洲逐渐消失,在古典悲剧和喜剧的激发下, 产生了各种新的戏剧形式。

③I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems.

单词:

Socratic way:用苏格拉底那样的方式。

Socrates was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher,of the Western ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, he made no writings, and is known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers writing after his lifetime, particularly his students Plato.

苏格拉底是古希腊的哲学家, 他被认为是西方哲学的创立者,也是个探讨道德的哲学家。他一生没有留下文字,他的生平和学术思想是通过他的学生柏拉图的记载为大家所了解的。

译文:我认为,知识人资的定义是这样的:他选择用苏格拉底的方式来思考道德问题,将此作为自己人生的首要任务,并从中获得乐趣。

英语成绩的比较好的同学在考研初试、复试考试中占着比较大的优势,考研复习阶段,小伙伴们要加强对考研英语的复习哦!