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Despite attempts by the Church to sop suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.

断句：

① Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，

② more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.

各部分结构：

① 让步状语：Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，其中 by the Church和to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists都是做定语修饰attempts

② 主语(more explorations for how the universe functioned，其中how the universe functioned为for 的宾语，与for共同构成介词短语修饰explorations)+谓语(were being made)+状语( at a rate)+定语从句( that people could no longer ignore修饰rate)

参考译文：尽管(天主)教堂尝试压制因一带的逻辑学家和理性主义者，他们仍不断探索宇宙是如何运行的，其速度之快，人们已经无法忽视。