The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise woud have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind. ( 2012英语二 Text 4)
该句由冒号、分号切分为3个独立句子
句1：The … 冒号
句2：those … 分号
句3：it is … 句点
句1
The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed
【主干】
①主句：The research suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed (包含宾语从句 that … dimmed)
②后置定语(修饰 the research)：of Till Von Wachter
③同位语(解释Till Von Wachter)：the economist in Columbia University
【主句】
The research suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed①主干：the research主语，suggests谓语，that… dimmed宾语从句
→宾语从句
主干：people主语，see谓语，chances宾语，dimmed宾补
修饰：not all前置定语(修饰people)，graduating into a recession v-ing短语作后置定语(修饰people)，their life名词作前置定语(修饰chances)
【同位语】
the economist in Columbia University
the economist 名词作同位语;in Columbia University 介词短语作后置定语(修饰economist)
句2
those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise woud have been if they had graduated in better times
①主干：those主语，catch up to谓语，where … times宾语从句
→宾语从句
1、主句：where they otherwise woud have been
they主语，would have been谓语
otherwise状语(修饰谓语)，where 地点状语(修饰整个句子)
2、状语从句：if they had graduated in better times←此处为难点：状语的就近修饰。修饰的是宾语从句的主干，而非整个句子的主干。
they 主语，had graduated谓语
if状语从句引导词，in better times地点状语(修饰句子)
②修饰：
with degrees介词短语作后置定语(修饰those)，from elite universities 介词短语作后置定语(修饰degrees)，
fairly quickly 副词作状语(修饰谓语catch up to)
句3
it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.
强调句 it is… that
主语 the masses(是被强调的成分)，are left谓语
beneath them 介词短语作后置定语(修饰masses)，behind 副词作状语(修饰谓语)
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