2022考研的小伙伴们,在面对考研英语长难句时是否感觉无从下手,长难句要想取得首先要打下坚实的词汇基础,其次还要学会从语法的角度对句子进行分解,文都考研为大家精选了历年考研试题中的长难句,一起来看吧~


>>2022考研英语长难句练习汇总
 

“Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them,”says Quinn.

本句话大部分加了引号,是直接引语,为Quinn说的话。引号内部的主干是Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms, 其后跟了of短语做后置定语修饰forms,之后又跟了同位语including what is referred to as direct reciprocity用来解释说明multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation,最后跟了两个定语从句:where a rat will help another rat修饰先行词direct reciprocity,that has previously helped them修饰先行词another rat。

整句话分为两层,第 一层为Quinn说了一句话,第二层为话语的主要内容。一般而言,考研英语试题句子若出现某人说了什么话,重要的就是话语的内容,即该人所持有的观点或研究发现的内容。

此外,直接引语中出现了被动语态,值得我们注意:该引语中rats是实验对象,而且该句是阐述研究发现的,因此使用了被动语态和现在完成时态。该句之所以很长,原因在于句子中存在四个修饰成分,其中三个定语,一个同位语;较为特殊的是,第 一个定语从句之所以用where引导是因为先行词是direct reciprocity(直接互惠),它属于某种情况。

下面再来看一个句子,来源于英语二2020年Text2:The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. 本句话主干为The best model is that。That做表语,也是代词指代model,其中主语部分有一个介词短语for understanding the growth of CEO pay作后置定语修饰the best model,表语that之后有一个介词短语of limited CEO talent in a world做后置定语修饰that,随后又有一个定语从句where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly修饰a world。整个句子只有一层,但是主语和表语都跟了修饰成分,使得整个句子变得又长又难。该句话的特殊之处在于表语部分不是从句而是一个代词that。整句话用主系表句型来解释CEO薪酬上涨的原因。