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They found that middle-aged people with higher measures of abdominal fat scored worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years went by.

【重点词汇】abdominal 腹部的

【结构分析】主干:They found that...,that引导的句子为宾语从句,其中middle-aged people为主语,scored为谓语动词,worse为副词修饰动词scored;with higher measures of abdominal fat为介词短语,修饰people,on measures of fluid intelligence介词短语作状语

as the years went by为as引导的时间状语从句,随着时间的流逝

【参考译文】他们发现,随着时间的推移,腹部脂肪含量较高的中年人在液态智力测试中的得分越来越低。