考研英语

This movement，driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

根据断句长短适中、语法长度完整的原则，我们可以把这句断成3个部分如下：

①This movement，driven by powerful and diverse motivations,

②built a nation out of a wilderness and,

③by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

分析各部分的结构：

① 主语(This movement)+定语(过去分词短语做后置定语)

② 谓语1(built)+宾语( a nation)+状语(out of a wilderness)+and

③ 状语(by its nature)+ 谓语2( shaped)+并列宾语( the character and destiny)+定语(of 短语做后置定语)

直译：由强大而多样的动机驱使的这项运动，从荒野中建出了一个国家，并且，在本质上，塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

参考译文：在多种强大动机的驱使下，这次移民运动在荒野上建立起一个国家，本质上也塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

The United States is the product of two principal forces — the immigration of European people with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.

断句：

① The United States is the product of two principal forces —

② the immigration of European people with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics

③ and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.

各部分结构：

① 主语(The United States)+系动词(is)+表语(the product of two principal forces)

②名词短语1：名词(the immigration)+定语(of European people with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics，其中with…characteristics做后置定语修饰European people)

③and + 名词短语2：名词(the impact)+定语(of a new country)+定语从句( which modified these traits，修饰the impact)

直译：美国是两种主要力量的产物——带有不同思想、风俗和民族特征的欧洲民族的移民，和新国家的改变这些特征的影响。

参考译文：美国是两种主要力量的产物——其一，各民族从欧洲移民而来，带来了不同的思想、风俗和民族特征;其二，新国家对他们产生影响，改变了这些特征。

But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.

断句：

① But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,

② the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another,

③ and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent

④ caused significant changes.

各部分结构：

① but+名词1(the force)+定语(of geographic conditions)+形容词短语(peculiar to America，做后置定语修饰geographic conditions)

② 名词2( the interplay)+定语(of the varied national groups)+定语(upon one another，也是修饰 the interplay)

③ and +名词3(the sheer difficulty)+定语(of maintaining old-world ways)+状语(in a raw, new continent)

④ 谓语(caused)+宾语(significant changes)

参考译文(直译)：但是，美国特有的地理环境的力量、不同民族间的相互影响、以及在原始的新大陆上保持旧世界方式的巨大困难，都引起了重大变化。

The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and -16th-century explorations of North American.

断句：

① The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic

②more than a hundred years after the 15th- and -16th-century explorations of North American.

各部分结构：

① 主语(The first shiploads of immigrants)+定语(bound for the territory which is now the United States，其中which…States为定语从句修饰territory)+ 谓语(crossed)+宾语( the Atlantic)

② 整体为时间状语，其中of North American修饰explorations

直译：在15、16世纪北美洲的探索一百多年后，批满载移民的驶向如今美国所在领土的船只穿过大西洋。

参考译文：15、16世纪人类探索了北美洲，一百多年后，批满载移民的船只穿越了大西洋，驶向如今美国所在的领土。

The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.

断句：

① The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house

② which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.

各部分结构：

① 主语(The virgin forest)+定语(with its richness and variety of trees，其中of trees修饰its richness and variety)+系动词(was)+表语(a real treasure-house)

② 整体为定语从句，修饰treasure-house：主语(which)+谓语( extended)+状语( from Maine all the way down to Georgia)

直译：带有树种丰富性和多样性的原始森林是一个真正的宝库，它从缅因州一直向南延伸到佐治亚州。

参考译文：原始森林中树种丰富而多样，是真正的宝库，它从缅因州一直向南延伸到佐治亚州。